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當(dāng)前位置:上海瑞齊生物科技有限公司>>公司動(dòng)態(tài)>>PNAS:“圍觀產(chǎn)生壓力”有大腦生理基礎(chǔ)
為什么一個(gè)人在大庭廣眾之下會(huì)感到壓力,甚至犯一些低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤?據(jù)美國(guó)媒體9月6日?qǐng)?bào)道,美國(guó)南加利福尼亞大學(xué)的研究從大腦生理基礎(chǔ)方面解釋了為什么一個(gè)人被親朋好友或觀眾盯著看時(shí),往往會(huì)犯一些他在獨(dú)處時(shí)絕不會(huì)犯的錯(cuò)誤。研究論文發(fā)表在本月出版的《美國(guó)國(guó)家*院刊》上。
新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),人在社會(huì)環(huán)境中,其大腦會(huì)比在獨(dú)處時(shí)更加重視勝利。南加利福尼亞大學(xué)多恩斯夫文學(xué)藝術(shù)與科學(xué)學(xué)院?jiǎn)讨螉W·科瑞塞利領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一個(gè)跨國(guó)研究小組,對(duì)參加有獎(jiǎng)游戲的人進(jìn)行了腦部檢測(cè),檢查他們?cè)趨⑴c游戲時(shí),與報(bào)償機(jī)制和社會(huì)理性相關(guān)的腦區(qū)活動(dòng)情況。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)參與者在有獎(jiǎng)游戲中擊敗了實(shí)力相當(dāng)?shù)膶?duì)手時(shí),他們大腦中與報(bào)償機(jī)制相關(guān)的區(qū)域——紋狀體顯出了更高的活躍性,這和他一個(gè)人玩而獲勝時(shí)表現(xiàn)出的情況截然不同;而和社會(huì)理性相關(guān)的腦區(qū)——內(nèi)側(cè)額葉前皮質(zhì)也表現(xiàn)得更加活躍。
“這表明大腦具有察覺(jué)社會(huì)信號(hào)的能力,并能對(duì)這種信號(hào)給予編碼,讓其更加突出,然后使用這些信號(hào)指導(dǎo)下一步的行為,以達(dá)到未來(lái)行為*化。”科瑞塞利解釋說(shuō),一方面參與者在社會(huì)環(huán)境中獲勝,可能伴隨著更多風(fēng)險(xiǎn),使他們?cè)陔S后的游戲中遭遇更多競(jìng)爭(zhēng);另一方面,群體環(huán)境中的報(bào)償機(jī)制傾向于讓“贏家獲得一切”,這在關(guān)乎繁衍后代的配偶競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中尤其明顯,正如傳奇賽車(chē)手戴爾·恩哈特的名言:第二名只是*個(gè)失敗者。
“在動(dòng)物界同樣存在強(qiáng)烈的刺激機(jī)制,驅(qū)動(dòng)個(gè)體攀登其社會(huì)階級(jí)的頂層。處于統(tǒng)治地位的動(dòng)物,會(huì)用它們的地位來(lái)保衛(wèi)自己獲得資源的特權(quán),如食物和配偶。”科瑞塞利說(shuō),但無(wú)論怎樣,當(dāng)一個(gè)人處在群體中時(shí),他所獲得的回報(bào)總是大于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。而在私人環(huán)境中,尤其在沒(méi)有社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)支持的地方,失誤更可能帶來(lái)生命威脅,一次失敗的賭博可能導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難。(生物谷 )
doi:10.1073/pnas.1100892108
PMC:
PMID:
Medial prefrontal cortex and striatum mediate the influence of social comparison on the decision process
Nadège Bault, Mateus Joffily, Aldo Rustichini, and Giorgio Coricelli
We compared private and social decision making to investigate the neural underpinnings of the effect of social comparison on risky choices. We measured brain activity using functional MRI while participants chose between two lotteries: in the private condition, they observed the outcome of the unchosen lottery, and in the social condition, the outcome of the lottery chosen by another person. The striatum, a reward-related brain structure, showed higher activity when participants won more than their counterpart (social gains) compared with winning in isolation and lower activity when they won less than their counterpart (social loss) compared with private loss. The medial prefrontal cortex, implicated in social reasoning, was more activated by social gains than all other events. Sensitivity to social gains influenced both brain activity and behavior during subsequent choices. Specifically, striatal activity associated with social gains predicted medial prefrontal cortex activity during social choices, and experienced social gains induced more risky and competitive behavior in later trials. These results show that interplay between reward and social reasoning networks mediates the influence of social comparison on the decision process.
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